Which statement best contrasts Western and Byzantine liturgical traditions?

• A. Western liturgy uses Latin in the Roman Rite; Byzantine liturgy uses Greek with elaborate chant and iconography.
• B. Western liturgy uses Greek; Byzantine liturgy uses Latin and simple chant.
• C. Both liturgies use Latin; difference is only language.
• D. Western liturgy includes icons in the service; Byzantine liturgy has no iconography.

Answer: (A)

The contrast being tested is how Western and Byzantine liturgies differ in language and in their ceremonial aesthetics. Western liturgy, especially the Roman Rite, is conducted in Latin and centers on the liturgical text with a distinct tradition of chant. Byzantine liturgy is conducted in Greek and is renowned for its elaborate chant and the prominent use of icons within the worship space, including the iconostasis that organizes the service visually. This combination of language plus the prominent role of iconography and chant best captures why Western and Byzantine traditions are distinct. The other statements mix up languages or downplay iconography or chant in ways that don’t fit the well-established contrast.