Under Islamic rule, Christians and Jews faced both increased taxes and forced conversion.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Only Christians faced this
• D. Only Jews faced this

Answer: (B)

Under Islamic rule, non-Muslims living in Muslim lands were often governed as dhimmi, a status that allowed them to practice their religion in exchange for paying a tax called the jizya and accepting certain legal and social restrictions. This shows that taxation did occur for Christians and Jews, but forced conversion was not a standard, universal policy across Islamic governance. While there could be periods or local circumstances where pressure or incentives influenced conversion, the idea that all Christians and Jews were uniformly compelled to convert under Islamic rule does not fit the broader historical pattern. The typical arrangement was tax and legal differentiation with protection for communities that remained adherents of their faith.