The Third Crusade was fought between Saladin and the forces of which leaders?

• A. Charlemagne
• B. The Third Crusade was fought between Saladin and the forces of Richard the Lionheart, Philip II, and Frederick Barbarossa
• C. A crusade that never happened
• D. The First Crusade

Answer: (B)

This question tests your knowledge of who led the major Western force in the Third Crusade against Saladin. The Third Crusade, fought from 1189 to 1192, brought together the kings Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Frederick Barbarossa, the Holy Roman Emperor, to challenge Saladin’s control of the Holy Land. Although Frederick Barbarossa did not survive the journey and Jerusalem remained under Muslim rule, the campaign is defined by this trio of monarchs leading the Crusade against Saladin.

Charlemagne lived in the 8th–9th centuries, long before the Crusades. The statement that a Crusade never happened contradicts historical record. The First Crusade was a separate expedition in the late 11th century with different leaders and goals.